Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), refers to persistent complications that extend beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Post-COVID cognitive dysfunction (PCCD) is a condition characterized by new cognitive impairment that occurs at least three months after COVID-19 acute infection. The available evidence suggests an uneven distribution of PCCD among people with Long COVID, suggesting that women are more susceptible to PCCD than men. Some of the risk factors include age, education, and COVID-19 severity.
This study aims to determine the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction among women who report Long COVID, and to examine whether significant differences are found by demographic characteristics and COVID-19 severity. The study also aims to assess the impact of cognitive dysfunction on mental health (anxiety, depression, PTSD) and quality of life.
This longitudinal study will enroll 80 women participants who report confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection in the past 4 weeks. They will be assessed at baseline (within 4 weeks after COVID-19 infection) and at two-time follow-up points (2 months and 4 months after COVID-19 infection). Subjective and objective measures at all three points will be used to measure cognitive functioning.
Expected outcomes include women with PASC will show greater PPCD at 2 and 4 months compared to baseline. Based on current literature, older and less educated women who report a moderate to severe COVID-19 infection will probably show greater PPCD compared to younger, more educated women who report mild COVID-19 infection. In addition, women who report PPCD will show greater mental health problems (i.e., anxiety, depression, PTSD) and decreased quality of life than women who do not report PPCD.
By investigating the long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health and cognitive function, this research contributes valuable insights into the broader consequences of the disease and can help in developing effective strategies for managing and treating individuals with persistent COVID symptoms.